THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN DISEASES AND HOW IT CAN BE PREVENTED
A Research Paper
Presented to
The English Resource
Center
School of Multimedia
Arts
Asia Pacific College
Magallanes, Makati
City
In Partial
Fulfillment
of the Requirements
for the Course
ERESWRT – Research
Writing
Kristine Joi
Corpuz-Gonzales
April 2014
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the
Study
It
is essential for us all to have a high-quality sleep. If you are maintaining a
normal routine and having enough sleep, then your body will wake up obviously
on time. Sleep is a necessary process to sustain our lives; a required
activity, not an option. It is a behavioral state that is a natural part of
every individual’s life. It is the physical and mental resting state in which a
person becomes moderately inactive and unaware in the environment. Sleep is an
essential life process. It is as important to our well-being as the food we
eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe.
From
an entry entitled "Why Is Sleep
Important?" by National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute stated that "Sleep plays a vital role in good
health and well-being throughout your life. Getting enough quality sleep at the
right times can help protect your mental health, physical health, quality of
life, and safety."
(http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sdd/why.html)
The
need for sufficient, sound sleep has worldwide importance. As industries around
the world are increasingly implementing shift work schedules, millions of
people are changing their sleeping habits. In addition, due to the sleep
disorders as well as, to fast-paced lives, many people go without adequate
sleep. These habits can have serious consequences. Sleep disorders also cause
problems in the workplace that effect society as a whole. These are a
relatively silent epidemic affecting countless people of all ages around the
world. Men, women, and children no group is spared. Yes, sleep disorders can be
deadly. In fact, numerous accidents and disasters have occurred as a result of
impaired mental performance due to sleepiness related to sleep deprivation or
sleep disorders.
In
the article “Sleep health centre: Lack of
sleep can be hazardous to your health” by Sophie Ramsey mentioned “Not getting enough sleep may have
far-reaching effects on the body. A new review of studies shows that regular
sleep loss may increase the chance of diabetes, obesity, and high blood
pressure, among other health problems.’’
(http://www.webmd.boots.com/sleep-disorders/news/20140325/lack-of-sleep-hazardous-health)
Throughout
the years there is an alarming lack of awareness about sleep in the medical
community and the general public. We encountered the disorders; medical
conditions are often related to other diseases and conditions. It is not normal
for a person to be sleepy at times when he or she expects to be awake. We all
know that lifestyle factors and undiagnosed or untreated syndromes can cause
problem sleepiness, and having problem sleepiness can be deadly.
The
researcher observes that sleep disorders face people every day. They can ruin
your life and take away your freedoms. They are one of the most common
diseases. They can shoot you down into a depression if you don’t take them very
serious and don’t get help as soon as possible. They can even affect your success
and make your day miserable if you have an important thing and you don't get
enough sleep. You can die from these things if you don’t seek medical attention
soon enough. They can tear down your body slow, one day at a time if you don’t
sleep enough, and get enough rest.
The
information in this paper will help the readers fully understand and
acknowledge the complexities of sleeping disorders in life. In addition, in
order to understand sleep disorder, it is necessary to understand something
about sleep itself and the wide range of normal variations in the way people
sleep.
The
focus/purpose of this research is to explain the differences between disorder
and disease, and how sleeping disorder can be prevented.
B. Statement of the
Problem
This
study aims to answer the question.
1.
How the sleeping disorders can be prevented?
C. Significance of
the Study
Children and Families. The information
will shows that all children suffer from some type of sleeping problem, and the
causes range from poor sleep habits, behavioral problems, to underlying medical
conditions.
Parents and Educators. In this study it is
important for both parents and educators to understand how sleep works and how
disruptions in normal sleep patterns can affect children and teenagers.
Children who get enough sleep are more likely to function better and are less
prone to behavioral problems and moodiness. That is why it is important for
parents to start early and help their children develop good sleep habits.
Future Researchers. This paper would be
useful to future researcher in making similar or related to their study. This
may use as their additional reference or source to their own research.
D. Scope and
Delimitation
This
study focuses on the differences between disorder and disease and how it can be
prevented. Because sleeping disorders can occur at any age and can affect your
child's ability to get the sleep needed for essential growth, development and
overall health.
E. Materials and
Method
The
collected data in this paper are read and gathered through the help of online
books, and articles related to the topic. The articles are usually phrases
provided by the author, or personal idea referring to their personal
experiences.
The
data gather by the researcher will be analyzed and presented through the method
of identifying and listing the differences of a disease from disorder and how
it was related to sleeping.
F. Definition of
Terms
1.
Disease. Incorrectly functioning
organ, part, structure, or system of the body, produces specific signs or
symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result
of physical injury.
(https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=TmdCU9fWBueK8QeuwoG4Bg#q=what+is+the+meaning+of+disease)
2.
Disorder. A condition characterized
by functional impairment without structural change while certain disorders or
categories of disorders might be accompanied by specific signs and symptoms.
3.
Sleep. A condition of body and mind
such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the
nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles
relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended.
Chapter 2
DISCUSSION
What
are the differences between sleeping disorders and diseases, and how it can be
prevented?
I. Differences
between Disorders and Diseases
The
terms “disease” and “disorder” are often used interchangeably. These are two
words that are often confused when it comes to their meanings and connotations.
Actually, there is some difference between the two words. These two words
should not be interchanged. They indeed have different meanings.
For
more detail in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1962: "On the Distinction Between Disease and
Disorder” by Ashley Montagu, Ph.D., Princeton, N.J. mentioned that “The concepts and the terms "disease"
and "disorder” have long been used synonymously and interchangeably both
in medicine and in common parlance. It seems that it would constitute a
contribution to greater clarity of thought and practice was these two concepts
recognized for what they are, as referring to 2 quite different colligations of
conditions.” (http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=333028)
Disease
is an acquired morbid change in any tissue or tissue of an organism, or in an
organism as a whole, of specific microorganism with characteristic symptoms.
Disorder is a disturbance of structure or function or both due to a genetic
failure in development or as the result of factors, such as certain chemical
substances, injury, or disease. It may be inborn or acquired. The difference
between the concepts of disease and that of disorder implied in these
definitions lies in the fact that disease is conceived as being limited to
malfunctioning of the organism initiated and maintained by an infectious
process. A disorder mayor may not be initiated by an infectious process, but,
however initiated; the malfunctioning is not maintained by an infectious
process. A disorder may be the result of an infectious process, remaining long
after the infection has ceased. A disorder may also be the result of a
noninfectious process, such as an inborn error of metabolism due to some
enzymatic deficiency, or to a chromosomal abnormality. In this class of
conditions the disorder' is maintained by a noninfectious derangement of
chemical conditions.
The
researcher added that a disease, being something infectious, is something that
can be cured while a disorder cannot be cured. We might be able to minimize the
negative consequences of a disorder but the condition itself will always
remain. The interchangeable use of disease and disorder is not only inaccurate
but harmful.
II. Definition of
Sleeping Disorders
Sleeping
Disorders when define as a term, according to Dictionary by Farlex is “Sleep disorders are a group of syndromes
characterized by disturbance in the patient's amount of sleep, quality or
timing of sleep, or in behaviors or physiological conditions associated with
sleep.” Yet, it is a change in sleeping patterns or habits. A sleep
disorder can affect your overall health, safety and quality of life.
More
detailed information by Kendra Cherry “Sleeping
Disorders” restated that according to the American Psychiatric Association
wherein sleeping disorders especially with elderly people could be really
frustrating. These cause a stressful life. One can’t have enough rest due to
this kind of illness. Treating sleeping disorders can be hard sometimes but
trying several options helps a lot. The Association stated that “sleep disorders are major disturbances of
normal sleep patterns that lead to distress and disrupt functioning during the
day. Not only are sleep disorders extremely common, affecting virtually
everyone at some point in their lives, but they can also lead to serious stress
and other health consequences.” (http://psychology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/p/sleep_disorders.htm)
Sleep
disorders can be generalized as any disorder that affects, disrupts, or
involves sleep. A broad range of illnesses arising from many causes, including,
dysfunctional sleep mechanisms, abnormalities in physiological functions during
sleep, abnormalities of the biological clock, and sleep disturbances that are
induced by factors extrinsic to the sleep process.
A
meaning by sleep disorders according to “The
Meaning of Sleep Disturbances” by Sleeping Disorders Guide stated that “Sleep disturbances can occur for many
reasons, from outer or inner influences. Among the causes originating on the
outside are environmental disturbances such as noise, light, room temperature,
a bad mattress, improper bed linens, and the like.”
(http://www.sleepdisordersguide.com/sleep-disturbances.html)
III. How sleeping
disorders can be prevented
There
are a wide variety of sleep disorders and there are many things we can do
regarding our sleep habits as well as our general lifestyle habits that will
prevent sleep disorders.
A.
The amount of sleep each person needs depends on many factors, including age.
Eventually, our body will demand that the debt be repaid. We don't seem to
adapt to getting less sleep than we need; while we may get used to a
sleep-depriving schedule, our judgment, reaction time, and other functions are
still impaired. Set a schedule and keep
a regular sleep schedule. Try to go to sleep at the same time each night and
get up at the same time each morning.
The
HELPGUIDE.org in their article org “How
to Sleep Better: Tips for Getting a Good Night’s Sleep” mentioned that “Getting in sync with your body’s natural
sleep-wake cycle—your circadian rhythm—is one of the most important strategies
for achieving good sleep. If you keep a regular sleep schedule, going to bed
and getting up at the same time each day, you will feel much more refreshed and
energized than if you sleep the same number of hours at different times. This
holds true even if you alter your sleep schedule by only an hour or two.
Consistency is vitally important.“ (http://www.sleepdisordersguide.com/sleep-disturbances.html)
B.
Exercise also encourages sleep because it causes one's body temperature to rise
and then fall by equal amount a few hours later. This drop in your body
temperature makes it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep. Take regular
exercise but nothing too vigorous just before bedtime.
Information
given by “Tips for A Good Night's Sleep”
by Michael Bengston, M.D. on 30 Mar 2005 shared that “Try to exercise 20 to 30 minutes a day. Daily exercise often helps
people sleep, although a workout soon before bedtime may interfere with sleep.
For maximum benefit, try to get your exercise about 5 to 6 hours before going
to bed. Do not exercise within two hours of bedtime.” (http://psychcentral.com/disorders/sleep/tips.html)
C.
Some people are more sensitive to caffeine and experience adverse reactions,
including increased anxiety, nervousness, and sleep problems. Avoid caffeine,
nicotine, and alcohol. Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants and can keep you
from falling asleep. Alcohol can cause waking in the night and interferes with
sleep quality.
According
to the article “Twelve Simple Tips to
Improve Your Sleep” by Healthy Sleep stated that “As any coffee lover knows, caffeine is a stimulant that can keep you
awake. So avoid caffeine (found in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola, and some pain
relievers) for four to six hours before bedtime. Although alcohol may help
bring on sleep, after a few hours it acts as a stimulant, increasing the number
of awakenings and generally decreasing the quality of sleep later in the night.
It is therefore best to limit alcohol consumption to one to two drinks per day,
or less, and to avoid drinking within three hours of bedtime.”
(http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/getting/overcoming/tips)
Chapter 3
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This
paper attempted to determine the differences between sleeping disorders and
diseases and how it can be prevented.
The
research design used in this study is the descriptive research method wherein
data from documents, articles and books found in the internet online were used
to answer the research question posed. The research findings are the following:
1.
Most people think that disorder is a disease because it is a condition that
affects the body and the mind.
2.
Other people think disorder and diseases is something that can occur to anyone.
3.
What distinguishes disease, and disorder from one another would seem to be
their relative emphases on functional change, structural change, presence of
signs and symptom
Conclusion
Base
on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are drawn.
1.
Sleep is absolutely essential to normal, healthy functions.
2.
The amount of sleep that a person needs to function in a normal manner depends
on several factors, including age.
3.
Sleep disorders are common and have a limited range of symptoms.
4.
Ignoring sleep disorders can lead to poor health, poor mood, and lethargy, and
may negatively impact motivation, relationships, and job performance. 5. The
direct effects of sleep disorders and with other substantial public health
problems such obesity, diabetes, stroke and depression have a profound economic
and social impacts.
Recommendations
After
drawing the conclusions of the study, the researcher hereby make the following
suggestions/recommendations:
1.
Understand that external and internal factors affect sleep and sleep patterns
2.
Recognize that many different sleep disorders exist, that nearly everyone, at
some time, experiences difficulty sleeping,
3.
Consult doctors to identify the symptoms related to the illness, before taking
actions.
4.
Treating sleeping disorders can be hard sometimes but trying several options
helps a lot.
References:
National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute "Why
Is Sleep Important?" retrieved April 21, 2014 from
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sdd/why.html
Sophie
Ramsey “Sleep health centre: Lack of
sleep can be hazardous to your health” retrieved April 21, 2014 from
http://www.webmd.boots.com/sleep-disorders/news/20140325/lack-of-sleep-hazardous-health
Ashley
Montagu, Ph.D., Princeton, N.J., Journal of the American Medical Association in
1962: "On the Distinction Between
Disease and Disorder” retrieved April 21, 2014 from
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=333028
Kendra
Cherry “Sleeping Disorders” retrieved
April 21, 2014 from
http://psychology.about.com/od/statesofconsciousness/p/sleep_disorders.htm
Sleeping
Disorders Guide “The Meaning of Sleep
Disturbances” retrieved April 21, 2014 from http://www.sleepdisordersguide.com/sleep-disturbances.html
HELPGUIDE.org
“How to Sleep Better: Tips for Getting a
Good Night’s Sleep” retrieved April 21, 2014 from
http://www.helpguide.org/life/sleep_tips.htm
Michael
Bengston, M.D. “Tips for A Good Night's
Sleep” on 30 Mar 2005 retrieved April 21, 2014 from
http://psychcentral.com/disorders/sleep/tips.html
Healthy
Sleep “Twelve Simple Tips to Improve Your
Sleep” retrieved April 21, 2014 from
http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/getting/overcoming/tips
